1. Dukurikije imiterere y'ikoreshwa
a.Mu guhitamo umuvuduko ukwiye wo gutwara ibiziga, ikintu cya mbere ugomba kwitaho ni uburemere bw'umuvuduko w'ibiziga. Urugero, mu maduka manini, mu mashuri, mu bitaro, mu nyubako z'ibiro no mu mahoteli, hasi ni heza, hameze neza kandi ibicuruzwa bitwarwa akenshi biba byoroshye, bivuze ko buri muvuduko uzatwara ibiro biri hagati ya 10 na 140kg. Kubwibyo, amahitamo meza ni umuvuduko wo gutwara ibiziga ukozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusiga ku isahani y'icyuma nto (2-4mm). Ubwo bwoko bw'umuvuduko w'ibiziga ni bworoshye, bworoshye kandi ntibucecetse.
b.Mu bice nko mu nganda no mu bubiko aho gutwara imizigo biba ari byinshi kandi imizigo ikaremereye (280-420kg), turagusaba gukoresha icyuma gitwara imizigo gikozwe mu cyuma gifite ubugari bwa mm 5-6.
c.Iyo ikoreshejwe mu gutwara ibintu biremereye nk'ibisanzwe biboneka mu nganda z'imyenda, inganda z'imodoka, cyangwa inganda z'imashini, bitewe n'umutwaro munini n'urugendo rurerure rw'amaguru, buri mashini igomba kuba ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibiro 350-1200, kandi igakorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gitwara amapine cy'icyuma gifite ubugari bwa mm 8-12. Imashini itwara amapine ikoresha umupira w'amaguru, kandi umupira w'amaguru ushyirwa ku isahani yo hasi, bigatuma icyuma gitwara umutwaro uremereye mu gihe kigikomeza kuzunguruka no kudakora neza. Turasaba gukoresha amapine ya mashini akozwe muri nylon ya poliène cyangwa rubber itumizwa mu mahanga (PA6). Hashingiwe ku bikenewe byihariye, ishobora kandi gushyirwamo galvanized cyangwa iterwa umuti wo kurwanya ingese, ndetse igahabwa imiterere yo kwirinda uburyaryate.
d.Ahantu hadasanzwe: ahantu hakonje n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bitera umuvuduko mwinshi ku bicupa, kandi mu bushyuhe bukabije, turagusaba ibikoresho bikurikira
· Ubushyuhe buri hasi munsi ya -45℃: polyurethane
· Ubushyuhe bwinshi buri hafi ya 230°C cyangwa burenga: ibikoresho byihariye bizenguruka bidashyuha
2. Hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu
Mu gihe cyo guhitamo ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu, abakoresha bagomba kuzirikana ingano y'umutekano runaka. Dukoresha ibyuma bikoresha amapine ane nk'urugero, nubwo hagomba gufatwa amahitamo hashingiwe ku buryo bubiri bukurikira:
a.Amasasu 3 afite uburemere bwose: Imwe muri ayo masasu igomba guhagarikwa. Ubu buryo burakwiriye gukoreshwa aho amasasu afite imbaraga nyinshi mu gihe ubutaka bubi mu gihe yimura ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho, cyane cyane mu buremere bwinshi kandi bunini.
b.Imashini 4 zipima uburemere bwa 120%: Ubu buryo bukwiriye imiterere y'ubutaka bwiza, kandi ingaruka ku mashini ziba nke mu gihe cy'ingendo z'ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho.
c.Kubara ubushobozi bwo gutwara: kugira ngo ubare ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bukenewe n'abakoresha ibyuma, ni ngombwa kumenya uburemere bw'ibikoresho byo gutwara imizigo, umutwaro ntarengwa n'umubare w'amapine n'amapine byakoreshejwe. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bukenewe ku ruziga cyangwa icyuma gitwara imizigo bubarwa ku buryo bukurikira:
T= (E+Z)/M×N
---T = uburemere bw'imizigo busabwa ku ruziga rwa caster cyangwa caster
---E = uburemere bw'ibikoresho byo gutwara
---Z = umutwaro ntarengwa
---M= umubare w'amapine ya caster na caster byakoreshejwe
---N = Ikintu cy'umutekano (hafi 1.3 - 1.5).
Hakwiye kwitabwaho aho ibyuma bitanga umuriro bizahura n’ingaruka nyinshi. Ntabwo ari icyuma gitanga umuriro gifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo myinshi gusa, ahubwo hagomba no gutoranywa inyubako zigenewe kurinda ingaruka. Niba hakenewe feri, hagomba gutoranywa ibyuma bifite feri imwe cyangwa ebyiri.
· Ubushyuhe buri hasi munsi ya -45℃: polyurethane
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-07-2021
