Amasashe ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu bikoresho byo mu rwego rw'ibikoresho, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, imashini zo mu nganda, n'ibikoresho byo mu biro. Hashingiwe ku itandukaniro ry'imiterere, ubwoko busanzwe bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: "amasashe atwara umuyaga" na "amasashe azunguruka." Ibyo byombi bitandukanye cyane mu miterere y'impeshyi, uburyo bwo kuzunguruka, ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, ubukana bw'ibiziga, uburyo bwo gushyiraho, n'ibindi bipimo. Kubivanga mu gihe cyo guhitamo akenshi bitera imbaraga zo gusunika cyane, urusaku, kwangirika kw'ubutaka, cyangwa guhindagura ibikoresho. Ibi bikurikira bisuzuma ubwoko bubiri bw'amasashe mu buryo bune: amahame y'imiterere, ibipimo by'ingenzi, ibintu bisanzwe, no gushyira ku rutonde rw'amagambo y'ingenzi, kugira ngo bifashe abakozi bashinzwe gutanga amasoko, gushushanya, no kubungabunga vuba ibyo bakeneye.
1. Itandukaniro mu miterere: Kuva kuri "Module yo Gufata Ihungabana" kugeza kuri "Inzira yo Kuzenguruka"
1. Ibikoresho bigabanya impanuka
Amagambo ahinnye: gukoresha amashanyarazi mu mpeshyi, elastomer, icyuma gifata amashanyarazi, uruziga rw'amapine, gasket ya buffer, eccentricity, damping coefficient
Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko hongerwamo module ifata impanuka hagati y'agasanduku n'umuziga w'uruziga. Ibisubizo bisanzwe birimo:
- Isoko z'ibyuma: zirinda umunaniro, ziramba, zikwiriye imihindagurikire y'ikirere;
- Elastomer za polyurethane: ntizibungabungwa, ntizigwa n'ingufu, zikoreshwa mu byumba bisukuye cyangwa ahantu hakonje;
- Uruvange rw'udupira two mu mpeshyi n'utwo mu mazi: bihuza uburyo bwo gufata umusego no kunyura mu muvuduko, bikunze gukoreshwa mu magare y'ubuvuzi no mu gucunga ibikoresho neza.
Udukingirizo twihanganira impanuka akenshi tuba dufite inguni ya 3°–5° yo kuzunguruka. Iyo ubuso bw'umuhanda budahuje, agakingirizo gashobora kuzunguruka gato kugira ngo gakingire impanuka no kugabanya umuvuduko wo hejuru woherezwa ku mubiri w'ikinyabiziga.
2. Ibikoresho bizenguruka
Amagambo ahinnye: turntable, umupira ufata umupira, pin, inzira y'imihanda ibiri, impeta y'urupapuro, isahani yo hejuru, igiti, agakoresho ko kwagura, inkoni ifite imigozi, icyuma gifunga icyerekezo, feri yuzuye, feri yo ku ruhande
Umutima w'inkingi ni "uburyo bwo kuzenguruka," bugizwe n'inzira zo hejuru n'izo hasi zo gusiganwa, imipira, na rivet (cyangwa rivet), bigatuma habaho kuzenguruka ku butumburuke bwa 360°. Uduce tw'ingenzi dukoresha ibyuma bibiri by'ubuhanga bwo gusiganwa hamwe n'amavuta aramba, bigatuma imbaraga zo gutangira zigabanuka kugeza kuri 0.3 N·m, bigatuma uburyo bwo kuyobora bw'intoki bumwe bworoha. Kugira ngo bahagarike "serpentine" mu gihe cyo kugenda ku muvuduko mwinshi, zimwe muri moderi zitanga "uburyo bwo gufunga icyerekezo" cyangwa "gufunga feri yose", bifunga ubuso bwo kuzenguruka cyangwa bw'uruziga binyuze mu gukandagira pedali, kuringaniza ubworoherane no kudahungabana mu murongo ugororotse.
2. Icyibandwaho mu mikorere: Gukoresha umushumi ugereranije no kuyobora
1. Ibikoresho bigabanya impanuka
- Igabanya kwihuta kw'ingufu ku kigero cya 30%–60%, ikarinda ibintu bishobora kwangirika (ibirahuri, ibikoresho by'amaso, imiti ikonjesha);
- Igabanya urusaku ho 5–10 dB, ikwiriye ahantu hatuje nko mu bitaro, mu masomero, no mu mahoteli afite agaciro kanini;
- Yongera igihe cyo kumara aho imodoka ibohera n'aho ikoresha ibyuma bisudira, bigabanura ikiguzi cyo kuyisana.
Impinduka ni ukwiyongera k'uburebure bw'inyubako ho mm 15–30, kandi ubukana bw'impeshyi bugomba guhuza n'umutwaro: iyo umutwaro ari muto cyane, impeshyi ntishobora gukandagira, igatakaza ubushobozi bwo kwinjirwamo n'ingufu; iyo iremereye cyane, iramanuka, ikongera imbaraga.
2. Ibikoresho bizenguruka
- Umuvuduko muto w'ubuyobozi, bigatuma ubugari bw'inzira bugabanukaho 20%, bibereye ahantu ho gukorera imirimo mito, amazu y'ameza, n'inzira z'amaduka;
- Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyiraho burimo icyuma cyo hejuru (intera isanzwe y'umwobo w'imfuruka enye ni 45-76 mm), igiti (umurambararo wa mm 20-40), n'inkoni ifite imigozi (M8-M16), bigatuma habaho guhuza vuba n'impapuro, imiyoboro y'icyuma, n'imyobo y'icyuma;
- Ipineri ya "feri yuzuye" ifunga ubuso bw'uruziga n'uburyo bwo kuzunguruka icyarimwe, ikarinda korofani cyangwa amatafari yo mu nganda gutembera.
Ingorane ni ukutagira imiterere y’umusego; iyo hasi hari ingingo zo kwaguka cyangwa ibyuma bifatanye, umubiri w’imodoka ukunda kunyeganyega buri gihe, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma vis zigabanya cyangwa zigasudira umunaniro mu gihe kirekire.
3. Ibyiciro bitandukanye: Ibikoresho bizenguruka bigabanya impanuka
Kubera ko ibikoresho byo hejuru y'amapine nka polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic rubber (TPR), na nylon-modified elastomers, havutse imiterere ivanze ya "shock absorption + circular":
- Ubukana bw'ubuso bw'amapine Shore A 65–85, butuma umuntu yihanganira imitingito mito;
- Agasanduku karacyafite uburyo busanzwe bwo kuzunguruka, kagera ku buyobozi bwa 360°;
- Irimo ibintu byinshi, ntiyongeraho uduce tw'inyongera two gupfunyika, uburebure rusange bugereranywa n'udupira dusanzwe two gupfunyika.
Ibi bicuruzwa akenshi byitwa "ibice bizunguruka bikuramo shock-absorbing" cyangwa "ibice bizunguruka bya elastomer." Mu gihe cy'imizigo ya kg 50-200 n'umuvuduko wa ≤4 km/h, bishobora gusimbura amapine akuramo shock-absorbing, bigabanura ikiguzi rusange ho 15%-25%.
4. Uburyo bwo guhitamo: Intambwe enye
1. Emeza ko umutwaro wose hamwe n'umutwaro w'ikiziga kimwe
Ifishi: Umutwaro w'ikiziga kimwe = (uburemere bw'ibikoresho + uburemere ntarengwa bw'imizigo) × igipimo cy'umutekano 1.25 / umubare w'amapine. Iyo hasi hatangana, igipimo cy'umutekano kigomba kongerwaho 1.4.
2. Suzuma imiterere y'ubutaka n'umuvuduko
- Epoxy hasi, PVC hasi: gushyira imbere PU cyangwa TPR, urusaku ruke kandi rudahungabanya hasi;
- Ingano zo kwagura sima, guhuza icyuma: tekereza ku gukurura icyuma mu mpeshyi cyangwa ubuso bw'ipine bukozwe mu buryo bwa elastic;
- Umuvuduko >4 km/h (urugero, utugare dukurura amashanyarazi) bisaba imiyoboro ibiri yo mu muhanda wo gusiganwa, ubuso bw'ibiziga by'icyuma, cyangwa PU ifite rebound nyinshi kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe butera cyangwa bugacika.
3. Kugena uburyo bwo gushyiraho n'intera y'umwobo
Intera y'umwobo wo hejuru wa mm 45×45, mm 50×50, mm 58×58, mm 72×72 ni uruhererekane rw'i Burayi; uburebure bw'inkingi 50–100 mm bugomba guhuza n'ubugari bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro; imiterere y'inkoni y'imigozi igomba kugenzurwa hakurikijwe ubugari bw'inkoni y'icyuma y'imodoka n'umwanya wo gusudira imbuto.
4. Ibikoresho bikora neza
- Gufunga mu cyerekezo: ku gusunika intera ndende ugororotse, bigabanya kuzunguruka;
- Feri yuzuye/feri yo ku ruhande: irinda gutembera ku misozi;
- Gupfuka ivumbi: Birinda umusatsi n'ivumbi kwinjira mu muhanda w'ibicuruzwa mu nganda zikora ibiribwa n'imiti;
- Ipine iyobora: Ubudahangarwa ≤10⁴ Ω, ikoreshwa mu matsinda y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo hirindwe ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi butaziguye.
5. Kubungabunga no Kumara Igihe
- Gusiga amavuta: Ongeramo amavuta ashingiye kuri lithium buri mezi 6 cyangwa kilometero 500; gabanya kugeza ku mezi 3 ahantu hari ivumbi ryinshi;
- Igenzura: Reba niba ubuso bw'amapine burangana; ubusaze butaringaniye bwerekana ko inkingi zihinduka cyangwa ko ziremereye cyane;
- Gufunga: Nyuma yo gushyiramo umutwaro wa mbere ku mapine mashya, ongera ufunge amaboliti yo gushyiraho kugira ngo wirinde gucika intege bitewe no "guhagarara";
- Gusimbuza: Iyo ubuso bw'uruziga bumaze kwangirikaho 3% by'umurambararo cyangwa bugasa n'aho bwacitse cyangwa PU demination, simbuza inziga yose kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'ubwikorezi butaziguye.
6. Imbonerahamwe y'amagambo y'ingenzi y'ingenzi
Ibikoresho bigabanya impanuka: ibikoresho bigabanya impanuka, ibikoresho bigabanya impanuka, ibikoresho bigabanya impanuka, ibikoresho bivura impanuka, ibikoresho bitagira icyo bivuze, ibikoresho bigabanya impanuka, ibikoresho bizunguruka, ibikoresho bigabanya umuyaga, uburyo bwo kugabanya umuyaga
Amapine azunguruka: amapine azunguruka, amapine agendanwa, amapine yo hejuru, amapine azunguruka, amapine azunguruka afite feri yuzuye, imashini zifunga icyerekezo, inzira ebyiri zo gusiganwa, ibyuma bizunguruka, imiterere y'umugozi
Ibipimo rusange: ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, umurambararo w'amapine, ubugari bw'amapine, uburebure bwo gushyiraho, umurambararo wo guhindukira, torque yo gutangira, uburyo bwo gufunga, ubukana bw'ubuso bw'amapine, ubwoko bw'ubwikorezi, ubushyuhe bwo gukora, amashanyarazi/arwanya static, RoHS, REACH
Umwanzuro
"Gufata impanuka" na "kuzunguruka" si ibitekerezo bivuguruzanya ahubwo ni ibisubizo by'imiterere bikemura ibibazo bitandukanye by'ububabare. Niba imikorere iterwa no guhindagura, shyira imbere gusuzuma uburyo bwo gufata impanuka mu mpeshyi cyangwa ubuso bw'amapine bufite ubukana bwinshi; niba inzira ari nto kandi bisaba guhindukira kenshi, hitamo amamashini azunguruka afite imikorere yo kuzunguruka no gufunga. Sobanura ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi by'ingenzi: umutwaro, hasi, n'umuvuduko, hanyuma ugereranye imiterere y'amamashini, ibikoresho by'amapine, ingano y'ibikoresho byo gushyiraho, n'ibikoresho bikora kugira ngo uhitemo neza imashini ikwiriye kurusha izindi mu mamashini ibihumbi ya SKU, ikiguzi cyo kuringaniza, igihe cyo kumara, n'uburambe bw'umukoresha.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 13 Nzeri 2025
